What Students will learn in Gr-12

Grade 12

General Outcome 1 (Grade 12)

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent to explore thoughts, ideas, feelings and experiences.

1.1 Discover and Explore

Express ideas and develop understanding

talk with others and experience a variety of oral, print and other media texts to explore, develop and justify own opinions and points of view
explore and explain how interactions with others and with oral, print and other media texts affect personal understandings
extend understanding by taking different points of view when rereading and reflecting on oral, print and other media texts

Experiment with language and forms

develop and extend understanding by expressing and responding to ideas on the same topic, in a variety of forms of oral, print and other media texts

Express preferences

explain preferences for texts and genres by particular writers, artists, storytellers and filmmakers

Set goals

reflect on own growth in language learning and use, by considering progress over time and the attainment of personal goals

1.2 Clarify and Extend

Consider the ideas of others

integrate own perspectives and interpretations with new understandings developed through discussing and through experiencing a variety of oral, print and other media texts

Combine ideas

examine and re-examine ideas, information and experiences from different points of view to find patterns and see relationships

Extend understanding

assess whether new information extends understanding by considering diverse opinions and exploring ambiguities

General Outcome 2 (Grade 12)

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent to comprehend and respond personally and critically to oral, print and other media texts.

2.1 Use Strategies and Cues

Use prior knowledge

discuss how interpretations of the same text might vary, according to the prior knowledge and experiences of various readers
use previous reading experiences, personal experiences and prior knowledge as a basis for reflecting on and interpreting ideas encountered in texts

Use comprehension strategies

identify explicit and implicit ideas and information in texts; listen and respond to various interpretations of the same text
select appropriate reading rate and strategies for comprehending texts less closely connected to prior knowledge and personal experiences
preview complex texts as to their intent, content and structure, and use this information to set a purpose and select strategies for reading

Use textual cues

use knowledge of visual and textual cues and structural features when skimming and scanning various print and other media texts to locate relevant information effectively and efficiently
analyze and discuss how the structural features of informational materials, such as textbooks, bibliographies, databases, catalogues, web sites, commercials and newscasts, enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of communication

Use phonics and structural analysis

apply and explain effective procedures for identifying and comprehending words in context; adjust procedures according to the purpose for reading and the complexity of the texts

Use references

use reference materials, including a writer’s handbook, to verify correct usage, address uncertainties and solve problems that arise

2.2 Respond to Texts

Experience various texts

experience oral, print and other media texts from a variety of cultural traditions and genres, such as essays, broadcast advertisements, novels, poetry, documentaries, films, electronic magazines and realistic fiction
identify and discuss how timeless themes are developed in a variety of oral, print and other media texts
consider historical context when developing own points of view or interpretations of oral, print and other media texts
compare and contrast own life situation with themes of oral, print and other media texts
express the themes of oral, print or other media texts in different forms or genres
consider peers’ interpretations of oral, print and other media texts, referring to the texts for supporting or contradicting evidence

Construct meaning from texts

analyze how the choices and motives of characters portrayed in oral, print and other media texts provide insight into those of self and others
identify and discuss theme and point of view in oral, print and other media texts
discuss and explain various interpretations of the same oral, print or other media text
relate the themes, emotions and experiences portrayed in oral, print and other media texts to issues of personal interest or significance

Appreciate the artistry of texts

discuss how techniques, such as irony, symbolism, perspective and proportion, communicate meaning and enhance effect in oral, print and other media texts
discuss character development in terms of consistency of behaviour and plausibility of change
describe how theme, dominant impression and mood are developed and sustained through choices in language use and the interrelationship of plot, setting and character
identify features that define particular oral, print and other media texts; discuss differences in style and their effects on content and audience impression

2.3 Understand Forms, Elements and Techniques

Understand forms and genres

explain the relationships between purposes and characteristics of various forms and genres of oral, print and other media texts
evaluate the effectiveness of different types of media texts for presenting ideas and information

Understand techniques and elements

compare the development of character, plot and theme in two oral, print or other media texts
evaluate the effectiveness of oral, print and other media texts, considering the believability of plot and setting, the credibility of characters, and the development and resolution of conflict
compare a main character in one text to the main character in another text from a different era, genre or medium
identify ways that a change in narrator might affect the overall meaning of oral, print and other media texts
summarize the content of media texts, and suggest alternative treatments

Experiment with language

analyze creative uses of language and visuals in popular culture, such as advertisements, electronic magazines and the Internet; recognize how imagery and figurative language, such as metaphor, create a dominant impression, mood and tone

2.4 Create Original Text

Generate ideas

generalize from own experience to create oral, print and other media texts on a theme

Elaborate on the expression of ideas

create oral, print and other media texts on common literary themes

Structure texts

create oral, print and other media texts that interrelate plot, setting and character, and reveal the significance of the action
create oral, print and other media texts that include main and minor characters, and show how the main character develops and changes as a result of the action and events

General Outcome 3 (Grade 12)

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent to manage ideas and information.

3.1 Plan and Focus

Focus attention

synthesize ideas and information from a variety of sources to develop own opinions, points of view and general impressions
assess adequacy, accuracy, detail and appropriateness of oral, print and other media texts to support or further develop arguments, opinions or points of view

Determine information needs

select types and sources of information to achieve an effective balance between researched information and own ideas

Plan to gather information

select information sources that will provide effective support, convincing argument or unique perspectives

3.2 Select and Process

Use a variety of sources

obtain information reflecting multiple perspectives from a variety of sources, such as expository essays, graphs, diagrams, online catalogues, periodical indices, film libraries, electronic databases and the Internet, when conducting research

Access information

expand and use a variety of tools and text features, such as organizational patterns of texts, page layouts, font styles and sizes, colour and voice-overs, to access information
distinguish between primary and secondary sources, and determine the usefulness of each for research purposes
follow up on cited references to locate additional information

Evaluate sources

evaluate sources for currency, reliability and possible bias of information for a particular research project

3.3 Organize, Record and Evaluate

Organize information

organize ideas and information by developing and selecting appropriate categories and organizational structures
balance all sections of oral, print and other media texts and ensure sentences, paragraphs and key ideas are linked throughout
develop coherence by relating all key ideas to the overall purpose of the oral, print or other media text

Record information

use own words to summarize and record information in a variety of forms; paraphrase and/or quote relevant facts and opinions; reference sources
select and record ideas and information that will support an opinion or point of view, appeal to the audience, and suit the tone and length of the chosen form of oral, print or other media text
choose specific vocabulary, and use conventions accurately and effectively to enhance credibility

Evaluate information

evaluate usefulness, relevance and completeness of gathered information; address information gaps
reflect on new understanding and its value to self and others

3.4 Share and Review

Share ideas and information

communicate ideas and information in a variety of oral, print and other media texts, such as media scripts, multimedia presentations, panel discussions and articles
integrate appropriate visual, print and/or other media to reinforce overall impression or point of view and engage the audience

Review research process

reflect on the research process, identifying areas of strength and ways to improve further research activities

General Outcome 4 (Grade 12)

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent to enhance the clarity and artistry of communication.

4.1 Enhance and Improve

Appraise own and others’ work

share sample treatments of a topic with peers, and ask for feedback on the relative effectiveness of each
work collaboratively to make appropriate revisions based on feedback provided by peers

Revise and edit

revise to ensure effective introductions, consistent points of view, effective transitions between ideas and appropriate conclusions
revise to enhance effective transitions between ideas and maintain a consistent organizational pattern
revise to combine narration, description and exposition effectively

Enhance legibility

develop personal handwriting styles appropriate for a variety of purposes
identify and experiment with some principles of design that enhance the presentation of texts

Expand knowledge of language

distinguish between the denotative and connotative meaning of words, and discuss effectiveness for achieving purpose and affecting audience
explore the derivation and use of words, phrases and jargon, including variations in language, accent and dialect in Canadian communities and regions

Enhance artistry

experiment with the language and components of particular forms to communicate themes or represent the perspectives of a variety of people or characters

4.2 Attend to Conventions

Attend to grammar and usage

identify and use parallel structure in own writing
identify and use coordination, subordination and apposition to enhance communication
use a variety of strategies to make effective transitions between sentences and paragraphs in own writing

Attend to spelling

demonstrate the deliberate, conscientious and independent application of a variety of editing and proofreading strategies to confirm spellings in own writing
identify situations in which careful attention to correct spelling is especially important
identify and use variant spellings for particular effects, depending on audience, purpose, content and context

Attend to capitalization and punctuation

use quotation marks to distinguish words being discussed in own writing
use dashes to show sentence breaks or interrupted speech, where appropriate in own writing
know that rules for punctuation can vary, and adjust punctuation use for effect in own writing

4.3 Present and Share

Present information

select, organize and present information to appeal to the interests and background knowledge of various readers or audiences

Enhance presentation

choose appropriate types of evidence and strategies to clarify ideas and information, and to convince various readers and audiences

Use effective oral and visual communication

integrate a variety of media and display techniques, as appropriate, to enhance the appeal, accuracy and persuasiveness of presentations

Demonstrate attentive listening and viewing

follow the train of thought, and evaluate the credibility of the presenter and the evidence provided
provide feedback that encourages the presenter and audience to consider other ideas and additional information

General Outcome 5 (Grade 12)

Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent to respect, support and collaborate with others.

5.1 Respect Others and Strengthen Community

Appreciate diversity

examine how personal experiences, cultural traditions and Canadian perspectives are presented in oral, print and other media texts
take responsibility for developing and sharing oral, print and other media texts and for responding respectfully to the texts of others

Relate texts to culture

analyze how oral, print and other media texts reflect the traditions, beliefs and technologies of different cultures, communities or periods in history

Celebrate accomplishments and events

explore and experiment with various ways in which language arts are used across cultures, age groups and genders to honour and celebrate people and events

Use language to show respect

create or use oral, print and other media texts in ways that are respectful of people, opinions, communities and cultures

5.2 Work within a Group

Cooperate with others

contribute to group efforts to reach consensus or conclusions, by engaging in dialogue to understand the ideas and viewpoints of others
discuss and choose ways to coordinate the abilities and interests of individual group members to achieve group goals

Work in groups

generate and access ideas in a group, and use a variety of methods to focus and clarify topics for research or investigations
share responsibility for the completion of team projects by establishing clear purpose and procedures for solving problems, monitoring progress and making modifications to meet stated objectives

Evaluate group process

establish and use criteria to evaluate group process and personal contributions; set goals and make plans for improvement